What is a third cousin once removed?

A third cousin once removed is your third cousin's child, or your parent's third cousin.

Shared ancestor
4 generations up from you
They call you
their third cousin once removed
Average shared DNA
≈ 0.391%
Cousin number · removed
3 · 1
Shared ancestorsyour great-great-grandparentsGreat-grandparentGrandparentParentYouGreat-great-aunt/uncleyour great-great-aunt/uncle1st cousin 2× removedyour 1st cousin 2× removed2nd cousin 1× removedyour 2nd cousin 1× removed3rd cousinyour 3rd cousinThemyour 3rd cousin 1× removed
Marigold is you, plum is them.

Where the numbers come from

Your great-great-grandparents are their 3rd great-grandparents. You are four generations down, they are five. Four minus one is three, so third cousins, and the gap of one generation makes them once removed.

Shared DNA

About 0.39% on average, around 48 centimorgans. Many third cousins once removed share no detectable DNA at all.

Check your own relative

Not sure this is the right term? Enter your actual connection.

Find the most recent ancestor you both descend from, then say how each of you is connected to them.

Word it as:
HELLOI'm your
third cousin once removed
They call you
their third cousin once removed
Expected shared DNA
≈ 0.391%
Degree (civil / canon)
9 / 5
Shared ancestorsyour great-great-grandparentsGreat-grandparentGrandparentParentYouGreat-great-aunt/uncleyour great-great-aunt/uncle1st cousin 2× removedyour 1st cousin 2× removed2nd cousin 1× removedyour 2nd cousin 1× removed3rd cousinyour 3rd cousinThemyour 3rd cousin 1× removed

Why a third cousin once removed?

You share great-great-grandparents. You are 4 generations below them; the other person is 5 generations below them.

The cousin number comes from whoever is closer to the shared ancestor: 4 generations down, minus 1 = third cousin.

The gap between your two generation counts (5 − 4) is 1, so you are once removed.

Read the full guide to this relationship →

Questions people ask

What is the shorthand?

3C1R.

Is my parent's third cousin my fourth cousin?

No. Your parent's third cousin is your third cousin once removed. Their children would be your fourth cousins.